Question

Allopatric speciation is due to
A. Mutation
B. Geographical separation of a population
C. Migration of a member of a species form on to other population
D. Hybridization between closely related species

Answer 1

Hint: Speciation is the formation of one or more new species from an existing species. The speciation is of three types.

Complete answer: Speciation is a natural evolutionary process through which new species are formed which is different from the ancestor, but share some common characteristics. Speciation is of three types; allopatric, sympatric, parasympathetic and quantum speciation.
a) Allopatric speciation:- In this type, a new species forms when a part of the population becomes geographically isolated from the main population. The population becomes entirely separated and forms a new species. Such geographical isolation creates allopatric speciation.
b) Sympatric speciation: A new species is formed when a small segment of the original population becomes isolated reproductively. The sympatric speciation is the formation of new species within a single population without geographical isolation.
c) Parasympatric speciation: It takes place when a population of a species enters a new niche. It occurs only at the edge of the parent species range and no physical barrier occurs between the population. The occupancy of new habitat causes the barrier of gene flow between the population of new habitat.
d) Quantum speciation: It is the rapid and abrupt mode of species formation. It is defined as the budding of a very different daughter species from the semi-isolated peripheral population of ancestral species. Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Note: Humans have developed techniques to create new species such as hybridisation, artificial selection breeding process, recombinant DNA technology, using such techniques, humans are capable of creating new species and use them according to their desire.