Question

All the reactions from the reduction of $CO​_{2}$ to the formation of sugar are included in
A.Light reaction
B.Photolysis
C.Dark reaction
D.Hill reaction

Answer 1

Hint: Photosynthesis, the method by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and accustomed convert water, greenhouse gas, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds

Complete answer:
All living organisms need energy to perform various life processes so do plants also. To perform various metabolic activities plants need food for energy. With the assistance of the method of photosynthesis plants prepare their own food.
On the surface of the leaves of the plants there are an oversized number of little pores referred to as stomata or stoma. For photosynthesis green plants take greenhouse gas from the air. The $CO_{2}$ enters the leaves of the plant through the stomata present on their surface. Each stomatal pore is surrounded by a pair of guard cells. The opening and shutting of the pores of stomata is controlled by the guard cells only. When water flows into the guard cells, they swell, become curved and cause the pore to open. On the opposite hand, the guard cells lose water; they shrink, become straight and shut the stomatal pore. an oversized amount of water is additionally lost from the cells of the plant leaves through open stomatal pores. So, when the plant doesn't need dioxide and desires to conserve water, the stomatal pores are closed.
During photosynthesis, the oxygen gas produced goes out through the leaves of the stomatal pores. In most broad-leaved plants, the stomata occur only within the lower surface of the leaf but in narrow-leaved plants, the stomata are equally distributed on both the perimeters of the leaf. In aquatic plants or plants that board water use greenhouse gas dissolved in water for affecting photosynthesis. The stomatal pores allow movement of gases in and out of plant cells. The gaseous exchange in plants takes place through the stomata in leaves and other green parts.
At low temperatures, the harmony between photosynthetic energy change and utilization is upset, on the grounds that the dull responses of photosynthesis are more firmly impeded than energy retention and electron stream. During oxygenic photosynthesis, light energy moves electrons from water to carbon dioxide, to create starches.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C)

Note: The rate of photosynthesis is defined in terms of the rate of oxygen production either per unit mass (or area) of green plant tissues or per unit weight of total chlorophyll. The amount of sunlight, greenhouse emissions, temperature, and also the availability of minerals are the foremost important environmental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. It is additionally determined by the plant species and its physiological state—e.g., its health, its maturity, and whether it's in flower.