Question

AKD in treatment of typhoid stands for
A) Acetone killed and dried
B) Alcohol killed and developed
C) Alcohol killed and dried
D) Agar killed and dried

Answer 1

Hint: Typhoid is a bacterial fever which is caused by Salmonella typhi, and this infection mainly spread through contaminated and water and food with feces of the infected person, and the symptoms appear after a week to 30 days after the infection, and the people affected with the typhoid fever have mild to moderate symptoms and this disease can be prevented by taking vaccines.

Complete answer:
The people who are affected by the typhoid have various symptoms which include high fever which can occur in sequence, and people may have abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
The people who are travelling world wide are generally at more risk for typhoid and the endemic people are recommended to take vaccines for the typhoid.
For the typhoid there are various vaccines are available and they have been employed over the years to prevent the typhoid fever which can be divided into 5 types that are:
Inactivated whole cell parenteral: They include following types.
Heat inactivated: In this type some species of typhoid which are cultured are heated to 56 degree centigrade for an hour thereafter it is suspended in the 0.5% phenol solution, and the heat inactivated vaccine contains 1000 million bacteria per ml of S Typhi, and 750 million bacteria per ml of other types and it can be given for four weeks with single booster dose, and which is recommended for for every 3 years.
0.5 ml of vaccine can be given subcutaneously for 4-6 weeks and followed by 0.1 ml intradermal injection is given for every 3 years.
Alcohol inactivated: It is superior to heat inactivated vaccine as Vi antigen is preserved.
Acetone inactivated: In this type culture are inactivated by using acetone where it is air dried so that Vi antigen can be preserved.
Formalin inactivated phenol preserved vaccine: In this type cultures are inactivated using formalin and later it was preserved using phenol.
Apart from this they also have many types like subunit vaccines, live accentuated vaccines, etc.

So from the above given options correct one is A.

Note: Typhoid vaccines are commonly recommended for the people who are endemic to it and people who have a habit of travelling as they are little risk to it and there are various types of vaccines that are available where those include inactivated and live vaccines too.