Question

Adenosine triphosphate was discovered by
A. Jack Lipman
B. A Bloor
C. Karl Lohmann
D. Emil Fischer

Answer 1

Hint:-ATP is an organic compound where they provide energy to the various functions in the cells such as muscle contractions, nerve impulse propagation which is found in all known forms of the life and this ATP is generally referred to as the Molecular unit of currency of the living cell.

Complete answer:
1. ATP was discovered by Karl Lohmann and he is the German chemist, after his discovery, later the structure was established, and Alexander was the person who chemically synthesized the ATP.
2. ATP consists of adenine which is attached to a 9-Nitrogen atom and also 1’ carbon atom of sugar and it is also attached to the 5’ carbon of the sugar atom to the triphosphate group.
3. In many metabolic reactions, adenine and sugar groups remain the same but the conversion of triphosphate to diphosphate and monophosphate which forms the ADP and AMP respectively.
4. For each phosphoryl group, they are referred to as alpha, beta and for the terminal one, it is called gamma.

Chemical properties:
1. ATP is stable in aqueous solution, where the PH is in the range of 6.8 to 7.4.
2. In the case of extreme PH, t ATP hydrolysis to ADP and the phosphate.
3. In the living cells, the ratio of ATP to ADP is maintained in such a manner where ATP
concentration is 5 times higher than the ADP concentration.
4. The bonds present in these molecules are P-O-P which are high energy bonds.
5. The energy released by one ATP molecule on hydrolysis is 35.5kilo joule/mole.
6. The release of energy is by either cleavage at phosphate or at pyrophosphate.
So, the correct option is C.

Note:- In the living cells, the dephosphorylation of ATP and rephosphorylation of ADP and AMP occur in a repeated manner, and they also produce in number of cellular process such as glycolysis, and citric acid and beta oxidation, cellular respiration, which produce 30 equivalent of ATP from each molecule of glucose.