Question

Additional parasympathetic ganglia occur in
A)Head and neck
B)Lateral chains
C)Spinal cord
D)All the above

Answer 1

Hint: The autonomic ganglion of the parasympathetic nervous system is the parasympathetic ganglion. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so called because the organs they innervate lie near or inside (respectively).

Complete answer:
Visceral organs such as glands are mainly modulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. As in the fight-or-flight sympathetic response, responses are never activated en masse. Although having substantial regulation of many tissues, the parasympathetic system is not essential for the preservation of life, unlike the sympathetic system. The motor component of PNS consists of preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons.
The parasympathetic ganglia in head and neck is a group of 4 bilateral autonomic ganglia that receive parasympathetic fibers from the autonomic components of the III, VII and IX cranial nerves. They play a role in parasympathetic regulation of the eye, the lacrimal glands and major and minor salivary glands.
The 4 ganglion are:
1.Ciliary ganglion
2.Otic ganglion
3.Pterygopalatine ganglion
4.Submandibular ganglion

Let us analyze the options to find out the correct option.

Option A: Head and neck is the correct option.
Option B, C and D : These are incorrect options.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A)

Note: 1.Ciliary ganglion obtains parasympathetic fibres from the oculomotor nerve. It helps sphincter pupillae muscle to constrict the pupil.
2.Otic ganglion innervates the parotid gland, thus helping in salivation.
3.The facial nerves’s parasympathetic fibres innervate the submandibular ganglion.
4.The pterygopalatine ganglion which is also known as sphenopalatine is the largest parasympathetic ganglia.