Question

What is acid and bases according to the Arrhenius concept ?

Answer 1

Hint: We know that acids are substances which are capable of donating a proton, whereas bases are substances which are capable of accepting a proton. A substance is an acid when its pH value is less than \[7\] and is base when its pH value is greater than \[7\].

Complete answer:
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. Whereas a non-aqueous solution is a solution in which water is not the solvent.
According to Arrhenius,
An acid is a substance that gives \[{H^ + }\] ions on dissolving in the aqueous solution. It increases the concentration of \[{H^ + }\] ions in the aqueous solution. Examples are Hydrochloric acid (\[HCl\]), Sulphuric acid (\[{H_2}S{O_4}\]), Nitric acid (\[HN{O_3}\]), Acetic acid (\[C{H_3}COOH\]), etc. When \[HCl\]is dissolved in water it undergoes dissociation reaction to produce \[{H^ + }\] ion and \[C{l^ - }\] ion, it increases the concentration of the \[{H^ + }\] ions in the obtained solution.
Whereas the base is a substance that gives \[O{H^ - }\] ion on dissolving in the aqueous solution. It increases the concentration of \[O{H^ - }\] ions in the aqueous solution. Examples are Sodium hydroxide (\[NaOH\]), Calcium hydroxide (\[Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\]), magnesium hydroxide (\[Mg{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\]), etc. When, \[NaOH\] dissolved in water, it gives \[N{a^ + }\] ion and hydroxide (\[O{H^ - }\]) ion, it increases the concentration of \[O{H^ - }\] ions in the obtained solution.
Note:
Since water is a neutral substance, which does not conduct electricity. Electrolytic dissociation (Arrhenius theory) is the process of dissolving some substance in water to conduct electricity. These substances are called electrolytes.