Question

A species inhabiting different geographical areas is known as
A. Allopatric
B. Sympatric
C. Etho species
D. Sibling

Answer 1

Hint: Mountains become barriers for them. They are not able to reunite with their other species members. So they are forced to breed where they live.

Complete answer:
We have a diversity of animals living on this earth. They live in a habitat which is suitable for them in every aspect including their feeding habits, mating habits, weather conditions etc.
Speciation is a term used to define the period when a group separates itself from the other members of its species. They can develop their characteristics and hence a new species is created. The new environment and new features will help them to differentiate themselves from their ancestors.

There are five types of speciation:
1. Allopatric
2. Parapatric
3. Sympatric
4. Peripatric
5. Artificial

Allopatric speciation is when two groups of the same species are separated or isolated from each other. It could be by some physical barrier like a waterbody. It becomes impossible for them to reach out to each other and breed. Thus, as a result, they will develop new breeding and mating habits which will give rise to new unique offsprings.
So the answer is option A: Allopatric

Note:
- When smaller groups get isolated from larger groups, it's called peripatric speciation. In this, a small group can pass their new features to their offsprings making them unique from their larger group ancestors.
- Parapatric speciation is a condition when the community is spread in a very large area, the species tend to mate only within their area rather than going far for mating. This also starts to bring some uniqueness in their characters.
- Artificial speciation, as from the word itself, is created in our labs. That is we create new species by cross-breeding, IVF etc
- Sympatric speciation is believed only by some scientists as it states that despite having no barriers or obstruction, still there are chances that a different species is born based on food source etc. they could develop these genes spontaneously.