Question

A sheep named Dolly became famous because of
A. Embryo rescue
B. In vitro fertilization
C. Cloning
D. Transgenic animals

Answer 1

Hint: Dolly was the world’s most famous sheep who died because of pneumonia five months before her seventh birthday. She was developed in a lab at the Roslin Institute, in Scotland and the biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics, Edinburgh.

Complete answer:
-Embryo rescue
It is a technique of in-vitro fertilization that helps in protecting the embryos that might not survive to become viable plants. Some plants reproduce through seeds with great difficulty, for example, Macapuno nuts. Interspecific hybridization often fails because the embryo dies or fails to reach maturity. These embryos are taken out of the fertilized ovule and cultured over nutrient medium under controlled conditions.
-In vitro fertilization
In vitro fertilization is the procedure in which eggs are combined with partner’s sperm in a dish in a laboratory. In this, ova from wife/donor and sperm from husband/donor are induced to form the zygote under the simulated conditions in the laboratory. They are then implanted either in the uterus or fallopian tube of the mother.
-Cloning
A clone is asexual progeny of a single individual or cell. The technique of producing a clone is called cloning. Dolly was the first clone sheep developed by Ian Wilmut. It was the first mammal to be cloned using the nuclear transfer process.
-Transgenic animals
Transgenic animals are the animals with their DNA manipulated for possessing and expressing a foreign gene. In 1977, the first transgenic cow Rosie was developed that produced human protein enriched milk. The cow had human alpha-lactalbumin gene inserted in it which produced 2.4 grams of human protein per litre of milk.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.

Note: These all are the techniques of biotechnology which is the application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacture industries. The term “biotechnology” was brought into popular usage in the mid-1970s as a result of increased potential for the application of the emerging techniques of molecular biology.