Question

How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
a. Prokaryotic cells- nucleoid, Eukaryotic cells- nucleus
b. Prokaryotic cells- 70S type of ribosomes, Eukaryotic cells- 80S type of ribosomes
c. Both A and B
d. None of these

Answer 1

Hint: Prokaryotes are the most primitive cells, having no well-defined membrane bound nucleus. However, eukaryotes are thought to have originated from the prokaryotes. Their functional efficiency is greater than that of the prokaryotes.

Complete answer:
As prokaryotes are primitive organisms, they do not possess a well-defined nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. Moreover, chromatin bodies present inside them are found scattered in the cytoplasm. Inside the prokaryotic cell, majority of the genetic material occurs in the form of nucleoid which not bounded by any membrane. They are well characterized to possess 70S ribosomal unit. Prokaryotes have asexual mode of reproduction that is they reproduces via binary fission.

However, eukaryotes are characterized by the presence of a well-defined nucleus. They possess chromatin bodies enclosed in a nuclear envelope. Also, several other membrane bound organelles are also found in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cells such as the golgi complex, mitochondria, etc. Ribosomal units of 80S type are found in the eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes reproduce via both asexual as well as sexual mode of reproduction. Eukaryotes are larger in size and exhibit more organized structural features as compared to the prokaryotes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C),

Note: Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all the living organisms. Robert Hooke discovered the cell. Prokaryotic cells include bacteria as well as cyanobacteria which are also known as the blue green algae. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells are present in protists, fungi, animals and plants.