Question

What is a pressure group? Give a few examples.

Answer 1

Hint: In a representative democracy, there are two types of organisations. The first one is statutory/institutional organisations which are established by the laws of the State and are authorised to carry out functions of the State. Examples of this kind of organisation are the legislature, executive, judiciary and such. The second one is non-statutory organisations which are formed by people for various purposes but are not vested authority by the State. Examples of these would be political parties, interest groups, pressure groups, etc.

Complete Step by Step answer: When a number of people, large or small, with a common social, cultural, trade of business or other such interests organise themselves to exert pressure on the government, a pressure group is formed. They do not participate in electoral politics and neither do they have a role in the governance of the State. Their responsibility is to serve as a link between the government and the people so as to keep the government or the representatives informed of the wishes and demands of the people. They provide an alternate source of advice other than the civil servants, in reference to a specific need of the people. In an effort to exert their influence, pressure groups may invest in lobbying representatives via letters, petitions, appeals, etc. They also fundraise and participate in election campaigns to further their cause and interest in the Parliament. Sometimes they also demonstrate in the forms of protest and strikes if certain laws or orders harm their interests. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Federation of All India Food grain Dealers Association, All-India Trade Union Congress are some examples of pressure groups in India.

Note: Although the terms interest group and pressure groups are used synonymously, there is a clear distinction between the two. Pressure groups do not work under specific regulations but interest groups work under formal regulations.