Question

A plant cell and an animal cell are dissimilar as plant cells possess
I. A nucleus II. A cell wall III. A cell membrane IV. Cytoplasm V. Chloroplasts.
(A) II and V only
(B) II and III only
(C) I, III and IV only
(D) II, III and IV only

Answer 1

Hint: Plants are defined as eukaryotic, multicellular, high tolerant, autotrophic organisms, grouped under the kingdom Plantae. Whereas, animals are defined as eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, grouped under the kingdom Animalia. Differences in the structures of these cells contribute to their longevity and tolerance capacity.

Complete Answer:
- Plants have the ability to prepare their own food through a process called as photosynthesis, whereas animals depend on plants for their nutrition. Since both the cells are eukaryotic in nature, they possess nuclei.
- Apart from that, membraned organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and ribosomes remain common in both plant and animal cells. Plants are able to produce food due to the presence of specialised organelles called chloroplasts.
- Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll which imparts green colour to the plant body. Animals lack both chloroplast and chlorophyll. Plants have high tolerance when compared to animals. This is because of the cell wall.
- Cell wall provides rigid structure, mechanical support to the plant cell and protects it from pathogens, dehydration and other adverse conditions. Animals lack cell walls, but both plant and animal cells possess cell membranes around it.

Understanding the options one by one:
(A) II and V only
Plant cells differ from animal cells in possessing cell walls and chloroplasts. Chloroplast is necessary for the production of food, whereas the cell wall provides rigidity to the cell. Hence, this is the correct answer.
(B) II and III only
Cell wall is found only in plant cells, whereas cell membrane is present in both animal and plant cells. This is not the correct answer.
(C) I, III and IV only
Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic in nature, hence contain nucleus and cell membrane. Cytoplasm is the fluid matrix in which cell organelles are embedded and enclosed by cell membranes. Therefore, this is not the correct answer.
(D) II, III and IV only
Cell wall is found only in plant cells, while cell membrane and cytoplasm is present in both the cells. This is not the correct answer.

Therefore, Option (A) is correct.

Note: Plant cell differs from animal cell in not only possessing chloroplasts and cell walls, but also has vacuole, plastids, plasmodesmata which aid in functioning of the plant cell. Plant cell is larger than that of the animal cell. Moreover, centrioles are found in animal cells, but absent in plant cells, which helps in the cell division process.