Question

A person is born with a weakened immune system due to deficiency of an enzyme which is a hereditary disease. Suggest a technique to completely cure this disease, identify the deficient enzyme, and explain the technique used for cure.

Answer 1

Hint: The disease that is the result of abnormal activities of the DNA and transferred from parents to the offspring is called hereditary disease. Hereditary disorder is categorized into three groups. These are single gene disorder, complex disorder, and chromosomal disorder.

Complete answer:
In the given question a person who has been born with weak immunity due to a hereditary disorder that lacks an enzyme secretion in the body. This can be the case of severe combined immunodeficiency. The enzyme which lacks in severe combined immunodeficiency is the adenosine deaminase.
Severe combined immunodeficiency is a hereditary disorder that involves dysfunction of T cells. It is a very rare disorder. Due to defects in several genes, Severe combined immunodeficiency generates. It inherits an autosomal recessive order. Severe combined immunodeficiency deficiency of adenosine deaminase enzyme occurred. Adenosine deaminase is an essential enzyme to maintain T cell activities. Due to insufficient secretion of adenosine deaminase, T cells can’t work properly that leads to the weakening health condition.
Severe combined immunodeficiency can be treated permanently by gene therapy if started at an early age. Gene therapy involves the incorporation of a normal gene into the patient's body that leads to the correction of defective genes. In this therapy, white blood cells with the normal Adenosine deaminase allele are injected into the patient. Normal Adenosine deaminase allele produces enough amounts of adenosine deaminase that causes the T cell to work properly.

Note:
Severe combined immunodeficiency may lead to life-threatening consequences. The symptoms of severe combined immunodeficiency are frequently chronic diarrhea, oral infections that can be viral, bacterial, or fungal, pneumonia meningitis, chronic respiratory problems, acute ear infection, etc.