Question

A paracrine hormone is
A. A local hormone that acts on the cell that releases it.
B. Always acting on a wide variety of target tissues.
C. a local hormone produced at one site but active at a different site in the body
D. none of the above

Answer 1

Hint:-Hormones are chemicals that act basically as body messengers. Special glands known as the endocrine glands are secreted by these chemicals. The entire body distributes these endocrine glands. As well as psychological well-being, these messengers regulate many physiological functions.In maintaining homeostasis in the body, they are also very important.

Complete step-by-step solution:-Hormones are organic compounds that are naturally secreted by endocrine cells at low concentrations, influencing physiological processes in multicellular organisms.
-Chemical messengers, information molecules, or endocrine signals are often called hormones. In general, hormones are stimulative in action. Transfering of messages (like a messenger) is the prominent role of hormones.
-Hypothalamus is a portion of the forebrain where neurosecretory cells are present in manyamounts. These neurosecretory cells are specialized in the secretion of neurohormones, a hormone. In order to produce various other hormones, they activate the anterior lobe of the
pituitary.
-Changes in the amount of development of hormones contribute to such changes in the body. As a regulator, the hormone that maintains the body#39;s homeostasis.
-Hormones are of the following types, depending on the distance over which they operate:
1. Autocrine: The hormone acts on the cell which secretes the hormone.
2. Paracrine: Without having to enter the bloodstream, the hormone works on the cell that releases it and neighboring cells. These hormones are secreted into the immediate extracellular environment by cells containing paracrine factors. Factors then transfer to neighboring cells in which the result is determined by the gradient of the factor obtained,and they target a wide range of cells.
3. Endocrine: Once it is released into the bloodstream from the appropriate glands, the hormone acts on the target cells.
4. Intracrine: The hormone is produced in the cell and functions within the cell intracellularly.
Thus the option (B) ‘Always acting on a wide variety of target tissues.’, is true for paracrine
hormones.

Note:- Several hormonal disorders arise when endocrine glands fail. The hypothalamus, theadrenal, and pituitary glands are associated with common hormonal problems.
-Development, metabolism, and growth may be severely affected by an increase or decrease in the secretion of these hormones.
-Hormonal imbalances cause disorders such as hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, and diabetes.Genetic,environmental, or diet-related factors may be the contributing factors for hormonal diseases.