Question

A mature sperm has
(a) A pair of flagella
(b) A nucleus, an acrosome, and a centriole
(c) A nucleus, an acrosome, a pair of centrioles
(d) A nucleus, an acrosome, a pair of centrioles and a tail

Answer 1

Hint: A mature sperm has a head, a body, and a long whip-like tail used for motility. The head contains genetic information.  It also contains the enzymes required to penetrate the outer layers of the ovum to succeed in, and fuse with, its nucleus.

Complete answer:
Sperms are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes and mature as they undergo the long and convoluted epididymis, where they are stored. The hormones controlling sperm production is FSH (follicle stimulating hormones) from the anterior pituitary gland.
A mature sperm has a head, a body, and a long whip-like tail used for motility. The head is almost completely filled by the nucleus, containing its DNA (genetic information). It also contains the enzymes acrosome, which is required to penetrate the outer layers of the ovum to reach, and fuse with, its nucleus. The body of the sperm is packed with mitochondria, to fuel the propelling action of the tail powers the sperm along the female reproductive tract. The neck is the constricted region just behind the head that contains a pair of centrioles, which is responsible for forming the centrosome and microtubule system. The tail is also known as the flagellum, is the longest part and able to do the wave-like motion that propels sperm for swimming and help in the penetration of the egg
So, the correct answer is ‘A nucleus, an acrosome, a pair of centrioles and a tail’.

Note: Successful formation of sperm takes place at a temperature of about 3 degrees Celsius below normal body temperature. The testes are cooled by their location outside the abdominal cavity, and the thin outer envelope of the scrotum has very small insulating fat.