Question

A homozygous inflated pod shape variety of pea plant (I) is crossed with a constricted variety of pea plant (i).
Give the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation of offsprings.

Answer 1

Hint: Individuals receive two versions of each gene, known as alleles, from each parent. In a relationship between two versions of a gene, one allele is dominant which is expressed and the other is recessive and the effect of this allele is masked.

Complete answer:
dominant or completely recessive alleles. Mendel postulated the Law of dominance and Law of Segregation by using this cross. An example of a monohybrid cross is the breeding of an inflated pod shaped variety of pea plant (II) crossed with a constricted variety of pea plant (ii).
A cross between the two creates heterozygous offspring and the inflated pod shape variety of pea plant is a dominant and constricted variety of pea plant is recessive. The first progeny of cross-pollination of inflated pod shape variety of pea plant and a constricted variety of pea plant results in inflated pod shape variety of pea plant. The dominant trait is exposed and the recessive trait is suppressed.
When the second progeny i.e. the second generation was self-pollinated it resulted in a ratio with the phenotypic (observable characteristics) ratio being 3:1 that is 3 individuals showing the dominant trait and 1 is an individual showing recessive traits. While the genotypic (inherited allele from the parents) ratio being 1:2:1 that is 1 is the homozygous dominant individual, 2 is heterozygous dominant individual and 1 is a homozygous recessive individual.

Note: Sometimes a dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele, and the organism's physical appearance shows a blending of both alleles. Appearance of new traits in the progeny other than parental traits is called incomplete dominance. It is also known as semi-dominance or partial dominance. For example, when one parent with straight hair and one with curly hair, has a child with wavy hair.