Question

A fragment of DNA that provides complete information about one protein is referred to as …………… for that protein.
A. Nucleotide
B. Enzyme
C. Nucleoside
D. Gene

Answer 1

Hint: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is one of the most important molecules needed for growth, development and other biological processes of an living organism. It is the molecule that contains the information and instruction needed for the cells of an organism to carry out several different functions. The DNA molecule are the carrier of genetic codes that are needed for protein production and heredity.

Complete answer:
The DNA molecules are made up of molecules known as the nucleotides. The nucleotides are made up of three subunits that are a phosphate group, a sugar group and nitrogenous bases. The nitrogenous bases are four in number and are known as adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. The arrangement of the bases are very specific and the order of these bases determine the genetic code or instructions present in the DNA.
The arrangement or the position of the nitrogenous bases form the sequences of DNA and is carried by fragments of DNA which are known as genes. A gene can be defined as a sequence of nucleotides the DNA(or RNA) which contains the information regarding the coding of gene product that is protein.
During the process of genetic expression, DNA molecule is first of all copied into a RNA molecule and the RNA molecule then functions directly or as an intermediate template for the production of a protein. The process of copying the sequence of DNA into a complementary RNA molecule is called transcription. The copy RNA molecule is then used to produce a matching protein sequence through the process of translation. The genes are units of heredity and are also responsible for various characters present in the individual.
A nucleoside is made up of nitrogenous bases and sugar. Nucleotides are molecules that contain a phosphate group with the nucleoside. They are also referred to as the monomers of the DNA molecules. Enzymes are known as the biological molecules that act as a catalyst for chemical reactions and speed up and control the process of the reaction.

Therefore, the correct option is option D.

Note: DNA is the macromolecule that is associated with all important biological reactions of the living organism. The DNA molecules contain information in the form of coding required for the processing and formation of protein molecules. The required information for the synthesis of protein are present in the fragment of DNA and it is known as gene.