Question

A desirable change in genotype of an organism is obtained by
A) DNA replication
B) Protein synthesis
C) rDNA technology
D) m-RNA formation

Answer 1

Hint: Recombinant DNA technology is used in production of artificial DNA by combining different genetic materials. Recombinant DNA technology is also called genetic engineering.

Complete Answer:
- In the process of DNA replication, a double-stranded DNA molecule is replicated in order to produce two daughter DNA strands. The replication is a necessary process as during cell division the daughter cells should have equal amounts of genetic material as the parent cell.
- The ribosomes form the proteins in a cell. Protein synthesis process is called translation where mRNA codons are read and amino acids are joined together with peptide bonds.
- The mRNA formation needs ribonucleotides triphosphates as substrates, the formation of this is catalyzed by RNA polymerase II. This process of mRNA formation from DNA is called transcription.
- In the process of recombinant DNA technology the selected DNA from one organism is introduced as extra-chromosomal DNA.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C) rDNA technology.

Note: The recombinant DNA technology is an important tool for producing vaccines and many protein therapies including human insulin, human growth hormone interferon and interferons. This method is used for producing various clotting factors for treatment of haemophilia as well as in methods of gene therapy.