Question

Why was the 18th century in Europe termed as the period of revolutions?

Answer 1

Hint: The eighteenth century in Europe was a time of intellectual, social, and political upheaval. The Age of Enlightenment is often referred to as such since it was in the 18th century when the concepts of the previous hundred years were put into practice on a large scale. The relatively new areas of calculus and mechanics began to impact how people thought about the universe's workings in academics.

Complete answer:
Europe underwent enormous political transition during the decades of economic and social transformation. Science became a focal point of public debate for the first time. Much of what is today termed scientific investigation was formerly pursued by a small group of academics whose works were not widely distributed.

The history of Europe in the eighteenth century can be characterised as a period of upheaval, as revolutions broke out in both America and France during this period. The American Revolution, also known as the American War of Independence, was a pivotal event in the development of democracy. It is a watershed moment in modern history since all of the colonies learned how to break free from colonial masters and attain independence.

Beginning in the late 17th century, academia underwent a two-fold transformation that resulted in the fast democratisation of scientific knowledge. The advent of scientific publications was the second important shift in academic life. Although many of these books were created by the academies themselves, a significant number were self-published. These new journals reached a large audience, including many people who were not scientists. In some ways, they are the first "popular science" publications, in the sense that scientific findings were published to a non-specialist readership. As a result, the eighteenth century was a period in which scientific tracts might become best-sellers.

The 18th century in Europe was known as the "Age of Revolution" because it was during this time that the world saw the growth of liberal nationalism, which stood in opposition to conservative administrations throughout Europe. Thus, it is a period of a philosophical movement that dominated Europe in the 18th century, and it promoted ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state, and it was centred on the idea that reason is the primary source of authority and legitimacy. Thus, the 18th century in Europe was termed as the period of revolutions.

Note:
a) Liberal nationalism is a concept in which the government is based on the people's free will.
b) This was France's first demand, which became known as the French Revolution. During this time, liberal revolutionaries in France tried to remove the conservative regime and establish a constitutional monarchy, followed by the Republic. As a result, the revolution expanded to other European countries.
c) For example, Greece was one of the countries where the nationalist movement culminated in the country's independence. As a result, the time is appropriately referred to as the Age of Revolution.