Question

How can xylem transport water and minerals using dead cells whereas phloem requires living cells?

Answer 1

Hint: There are two types of cells that make up the xylem: tracheids and vessel elements. Both of these cell types are dead when they are used in the xylem. Using dead cells, which don’t have organelles filling them up, allows more capacity for transporting water. Living elements of phloem are sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma.

Complete answer:
Although non-vascular plants, such as mosses, lack vascular tissue, xylem carries water throughout the plant. When functional, xylem cells are like zombies in that they are dead. They don't eat brains, though. Not that we are aware of, at least. Dead cells have a higher capacity for carrying water because they don't have organelles to fill them up.
Tracheids are long, narrow cells with overlapping ends. Water can travel vertically between the cells since they have small openings between their ends. They also have little pores on their sides called pits that allow water to flow laterally. Tracheids have a flute-like appearance on one end.
Vessel elements are cells that are shorter and broader. If a tracheid were a footlong hot dog, vessel elements would be smaller and wider, like mini breakfast sausages. The walls between them break down when they are stacked on top of each other, allowing water to pass through.
Only flowering plants, such as woody angiosperms, have both vessel components and tracheids; other vascular plants only have tracheids.
Phloem carries nutrients, the majority of which are photosynthetic products. A sieve element is the most common sort of phloem cell. Sieve elements differ from tracheids and vessel elements in that they are alive while they are in use.Living cells make up phloem.
The cells that make up the phloem have evolved to serve a specific purpose: Sieve tubes are designed for conveyance and do not contain nuclei. Each sieve tube has a perforated end, allowing the cytoplasm to link the cells.

Note:
The reason for this is that because Phloem transports food in both directions, it demands energy, as travelling up against gravity requires more energy than moving down, which requires less. but due to decreased water potential, or water concentration, water moves into the Phloem from the Xylem via Osmosis and thus, this creates a hydrostatic or water pressure inside the Phloem.