Answer
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Hint:Bases can be thought of as a chemical opposite of acids. An acid is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution when dissolved in water. These ${H^ + }$ ions form the hydronium ion $\,{H_3}{O^ + }$ when they combine with water molecules.
Complete step by step answer:
A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and salt and it involves a combination of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base has a pH equal to $7$.
i.Acidic salts form from the neutralization of a strong acid and a weak base.
Example: $N{H_3} + HCl \to N{H_4}Cl$
Here $N{H_3}$ is a weak base and $HCl$ is a strong acid thus forming an acidic salt ammonium chloride.
ii.Basic salts form from the neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid.
Example: $NaOH + C{H_3}COOH \to C{H_3}COONa + {H_2}O$
Here $NaOH$ is a strong base and acetic acid is a weak acid thus forming a basic salt
iii.Neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base gives a neutral salt.
Example: $NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + {H_2}O$
Note:
-When a strong acid completely neutralizes a strong base, the pH of a solution is equal to $7$ .
-When a strong base completely neutralizes a weak acid, pH of a solution is greater than $7$.
-When a strong acid completely neutralizes a weak base, pH of a solution is less than $7$.
Complete step by step answer:
Basis | Acid | Base |
Arrhenius concept | An acid is a substance that produces ${H^ + }$ ions as the only positive ions when mixed with water. | A base is a substance that produces hydroxyl $O{H^ - }$ Ions as the only negative ions when mixed with water. |
Bronsted-Lowry concept | An acid releases a proton for another species. | A base can accept a proton. |
Lewis concept | An acid can accept an electron pair. | A base can donate an electron pair. |
Strength | Based on the concentration of hydrogen ions. | Based on the concentration of hydroxyl ions. |
pH value | Less than Seven | Greater than seven |
Litmus test | Turn blue litmus red | Turn red litmus blue |
Reaction with metal | React with metals to release hydrogen gas | Do not react with metals |
A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and salt and it involves a combination of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions to generate water. The neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base has a pH equal to $7$.
i.Acidic salts form from the neutralization of a strong acid and a weak base.
Example: $N{H_3} + HCl \to N{H_4}Cl$
Here $N{H_3}$ is a weak base and $HCl$ is a strong acid thus forming an acidic salt ammonium chloride.
ii.Basic salts form from the neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid.
Example: $NaOH + C{H_3}COOH \to C{H_3}COONa + {H_2}O$
Here $NaOH$ is a strong base and acetic acid is a weak acid thus forming a basic salt
iii.Neutralization of a strong acid and a strong base gives a neutral salt.
Example: $NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + {H_2}O$
Note:
-When a strong acid completely neutralizes a strong base, the pH of a solution is equal to $7$ .
-When a strong base completely neutralizes a weak acid, pH of a solution is greater than $7$.
-When a strong acid completely neutralizes a weak base, pH of a solution is less than $7$.
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