Question

Write the full form of AIDS. List four modes of transmission of the virus of this disease.

Answer 1

Hint: AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease that causes genetic or acquired loss of the immune system by which the body gets easily prone to disease. This disease mainly caused by HIV and transmission leads to the destruction of normal cells.

Complete answer:
The full form of AIDS is Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus known as HIV. HIV was first isolated by Montagnier in 1983. The life cycle of HIV completes in a host where it multiplies in macrophages during the incubation period and later it enters the T-cell which leads to the appearance of the syndrome. Transmission of AIDS takes place by unscreened blood transfusions, sexual contact, high dose of drugs, and by use of infected needles. Transmission of AIDS also takes place from mother to fetus during pregnancy.
HIV consists of RNA, when it gets entered inside the host it gets spread throughout the body and with the contact of macrophage it starts its cycle where it shed off it’s covering, and by reverse transcriptase it synthesis the copy of DNA. The double-stranded DNA then forms genomic RNA and messenger RNA. Genomic RNA and viral protein form a virus or virion where this viral protein gets prepared by messenger RNA. The virus starts to increase its number which invades new macrophages. When viruses attack lymphocytes it gets covered and gets released from the cell which leads to a decrease in the number of lymphocytes due to infections by which the immune system becomes weak.

Note:
The name of HIV was put forth in 1986 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. HIV is of two types HIV-1 and HIV -2, both the virus is retrovirus but HIV-1 is common, more infectious and has a high mode of transmission as compared to HIV-2.