Question

Wings of pigeon, bat and mosquito shows
A.Atavism
B.Convergent evolution
C.Divergent evolution
D.Mutation

Answer 1

Hint: Homologous structures are those structures which have similarity in their anatomy or basic plan but serve different functions are known as homologous structure. This similarity in their anatomy is due to the phenomenon of common ancestry. Analogous structures are similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose.

Complete answer:
Option-A-Atavism
Atavism is the reappearance of certain ancestral characters which had either disappeared or were reduced. So this is not a type of evolution because in this vestigial organ which was functional in our ancestors came back. So this can not be the right answer
Option-B-Convergent evolution
The anatomical different structures evolved towards the same direction due to adaptations to similar needs or similar habitats is the result of convergent evolution.so in all above animals the structure (wings) perform a common function but the anatomical structure varies in all above species in question. So this is the right answer because, Due to the same needs the bats, pigeons and mosquito, wings would perform the same function but they look different from internally and such type of evolution is convergent type.
Option-C-Divergent evolution
In the above question, the structure performs the same function regardless of their internal structure but in divergent evolution, the structure performs a different function regardless there is some similarity in their anatomical structure. So this can't be the right answer.
Option-D-Mutation
Mutations are just random. It is not linked with ancestral or any other evolutionary basis. If a mutation occurs, it causes ultimate variation. In the above question, there is no link of mutation hence this cannot be the right answer.

So, the correct answer to the above Question is an Option B "Convergent evolution".

Note: Example of homologous structure which occurs due to divergent evolution are:
Man, Cheetah, Whale, Bat have the same internal structure but perform different functions.
Examples of convergent evolution are as follows -
> Hummingbirds resemble sunbirds.
> Flightlessness has evolved in many different birds independently.
> Certain longclaws (Macronyx) and meadowlarks (Sturnella) have essentially the same striking plumage pattern.
> Resemblances between swifts and swallows is due to convergent evolution.