Question

Which part of the embryo produces the shoot system and root system?

Answer 1

Hint: New plant develops from seed. Embryo is mainly divided into three parts: radicle, plumule, and cotyledons. The upper part of the plant known as shoot system mainly develops from plumule. The lower part that is present under soil called the root system is developed from radicles.

Complete answer:
By the process of fertilization, zygote develops into an embryo and turns into seed. Seed germination starts when seeds are sown into soil and proper water is provided. Imbibition occurs and water activates enzymes that help plants to grow. Seed contains three parts: radicle, plumule and cotyledons. Radicle is the lower part of the seed which develops into root. Cotyledons include two parts that are called epicotyls and hypocotyl. Epicotyl is the segment above the level of the cotyledons. Hypocotyl is the region present between the radicle and the cotyledons.
Plumule is known as geotropic, as it grows upwards to form the stem of the plant. It rises by the extension of either the hypocotyls or epicotyls.
The orientation of the seedling is affected by light. When the germination starts under soil, the plumule may emerge bent over to protect its delicate tip. For example: the leaves of beans do not expand and become green except after exposure to light. Phytochrome plays an important role in it.
Phototropism is observed in shoots while geotropism and hydrotropism is observed in roots. The shoot system includes leaves, buds, stems, flowers, and fruits. The root system includes the parts that are below the soil such as the roots, rhizomes and tubers.

Note: Water, light, temperature and oxygen are important factors for seed germination. The meristems cells present at the tip of the stem helps in the growth of the plants. Plants have mainly three types of tissues: Dermal, Ground, and Vascular. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells are common ground tissues found in plants. The most important of all are vascular tissues that include: xylem, phloem, parenchyma and cambium cells.