Question

Which ones of the following are analogous structures?
a. Gills of Prawn and lungs of Man
b. Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
c. Flippers of Dolphin and logs of Horse
d. Wings of Bat and wings of Pigeon

Answer 1

Hint: Analogous is a common term used in the biology to tell about some particular structures which have same in the function, but they are different in the structure so that types of things are called as an analogous, perfect example is the wings of birds and wings of airplane both function are to fly and their structures are completely different.

Complete answer:
Based on the similarities and dissimilarities present in the anatomical structure, they are of two types
> Homologous structure: This is where the structures of related organisms which are similar to each other because they may have a common origin, but their functions are different.
The classic examples for the homologous structure are all limbs of the mammals because the basic bone structure and type are the same in those, this is because of a common ancestor but they have different functions based on their lifestyles.

> Analogous structure: This is the structure of unrelated organisms that are evolved to do the same function, and they do not belong to each other and they do not have common ancestors or common relations, but their purposes or function is the same.
The best example for this is the wings of bats and the wings of a butterfly, the function is to fly, but when we look at structure there is a lot of difference.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: Other than this homologous and analogous there are some other anatomical structures called vestigial structures which are tail bone or tail of humans and pelvis of whales, though they are present they do not have any use. And such structures are called vestigial structures.