Question

Which one of the following platinum complexes is used in cancer chemotherapy?
A. $Cis - [PtC{l_2}{(N{H_3})_2}]$
B. $Trans - [PtC{l_2}(N{H_3})]$
C. ${[Pt{(N{H_3})_4}]^{2 - }}$
D. ${[PtC{l_4}]^{2 - }}$

Answer 1

Hint: The Platinum complexes are used from a very long decade to form anticancer drugs which are used in cancer chemotherapy. The platinum complex which is used in cancer chemotherapy has a central platinum metal surrounded by two amine groups on the same side and two chlorine groups on the same side.

Complete step by step answer: The Platinum complexes are used from a very long decade to form anticancer drugs which are used in cancer chemotherapy. The platinum complex which is used in cancer chemotherapy has a central platinum metal surrounded by two amine groups on the same side and two chlorine groups on the same side.
Complete step by step solution:
Cancer is one of the major diseases which cause death worldwide. Over the past decades many efforts have been made to understand the carcinogenesis process and treat cancerous cells. Many drug molecules consist of organic elements of the periodic table but metals also provide diverse chemistry and have therapeutic applications. The metal based compounds nowadays are used to treat cancer.
Platinum complexes are used in treating cancer patients by its application in cancer chemotherapy treatment.
Cisplatin is the first platinum complex which was observed to have anticancer activity. After cisplatin two more platinum complexes have been found to have anticancer activity, they are carboplatin and oxaliplatin.
The platinum complexes consist of central platinum metal surrounded by two stable amines and a leaving group. In the cisplatin complex, the central platinum metal is surrounded by two amine groups and two chlorine groups present on the same side.
The chemical formula of cisplatin is $Cis - [PtC{l_2}{(N{H_3})_2}]$.
Thus, the platinum complexes which is used in cancer chemotherapy is $Cis - [PtC{l_2}{(N{H_3})_2}]$.
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note:
The proposed mechanism of the platinum complexes to inhibit the DNA synthesis shows that in the platinum complex the chlorine group hydrolyses from the central metal which enables the drug to generate an interstrand cross links with the DNA strand which inhibit the synthesis of DNA.