Question

Which one of the following is a correct statement?
A. “Bt” in “Bt-cotton” indicates that it is a genetically modified organism produced through biotechnology.
B. Classical part breeding involves the fusion of two somatic cells carrying desired genes.
C. The anticoagulant hirudin is being produced from transgenic Brassica napus seeds.
D. Golden rice is a transgenic variety of rice in vitamin E.

Answer 1

Hint: Plants, bacteria, fungi, and animals whose genes have been altered by genetic manipulation are called genetically modified organisms (GMO).
They are done for various purposes such as
To increase the nutritional value of a crop.
Crops are made tolerant to weather.
Crops are modified to repel particular types of insects.
To obtain the various alternative resources such as in the form of pharmaceuticals.
GMOs are created either by incorporating foreign genes or by creating extra copies of some endogenous genes.

Complete step-by-step answer:
“Bt” in “Bt- cotton” actually refers to Bacillus thuringiensis which is gram-positive bacteria naturally present in soil bacteria. B. thuringiensis is a bio-pesticide that specifically kills certain insects such as
Lepidopterans - tobacco budworm, armyworm
Coleopterans -beetles
Dipterans - flies and mosquito
 Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into several crops such as cotton. The toxin is coded by the gene “cry”.
Classical plant breeding involves the hybridization of pure lines. After hybridization progeny plants are selected by artificial hybridization in order to get desirable traits such as higher yield, resistance to disease, nutrition quality. For example, the Himgiri variety of wheat is made resistant to leaf and stripe rust.
Isolated protoplast from two different varieties of plants each having desirable characters will be used to get a hybrid protoplast. This hybrid protoplast is called somatic hybrid. This process is known as somatic hybridization.
(c) Brassica napus are also modified to produce hirudin in their seeds.
(d) Golden is a transgenic variety having very high provitamin A (ß-carotene).
It also has iron and sulfur. The color is golden due to ß-carotene.

So the correct answer is (C) The anticoagulant hirudin is being produced from transgenic Brassica napus seeds.

Note:
There is genetically modified insulin. The genes of insulin were transferred into the plasmid of escherichia coli (E.coli) and are cultured to produce human insulin. Previously pigs and cattle were used to extract insulin from the pancreas but they were allergic to some people.