Question

Which one of the following hormones, though synthesized elsewhere, is stored and released by the master gland?
A.Melanocyte stimulating hormone
B.Antidiuretic hormone
C.Luteinizing hormone
D.Prolactin

Answer 1

Hint: There are mainly two types of glands: exocrine gland secretes substances by the ducts and endocrine secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The pituitary gland is often called the master gland.

Complete step by step answer:
Option A) Melanocyte stimulating hormone is in two forms: α-MSH and γ-MSH. The POMC in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus or the proopiomelanocortin hormone is the precursor to ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) and other peptides like a melanocyte-stimulating hormone, β-endorphin, and β-lipoprotein. PC1 and PC2 enzymes give rise to these tissue-specific hormones. The amount of MSH is low as compared to ACTH in the skin. The UV rays stimulate the formation of melanin and increase the level of MSH.
Option B) Antidiuretic hormone is also called vasopressin. It helps in maintaining the water concentration in the body by controlling the amount of water to be excreted through urine. The Antidiuretic hormone is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland like oxytocin by the capillary plexus. The hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus and secreted to the posterior pituitary for the storage by the exons of neurosecretory cells.
Option C) Luteinizing hormone is synthesized and secreted in response to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. LH is secreted and synthesized both in the anterior pituitary gland. LH then binds to its receptors in ovaries and testes for reproductive functions.
Option D) Prolactin is synthesized and secreted both by the anterior pituitary gland. It is secreted by the lactotrophs. Prolactin promotes mammary gland development and milk production after pregnancy. It is inhibited by dopamine.

Hence, the correct answer is an option (B).

Note:
The anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary grow from Rathke's pouch and the neuronal tissue outgrowth of the hypothalamus respectively. The posterior pituitary has a high number of glial cells. Posterior pituitary does not secrete its own hormone instead it stores two hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) that are secreted by hypothalamus.