Question

Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system?
(a)Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus.
(b)Organs in the body like the gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney, and liver do not produce any hormones.
(c)Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messengers are known as hormones.
(d)Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland.

Answer 1

Hint: The endocrine system achieves chemical coordination and integration through chemicals called hormones. One of the most important organs of the endocrine system is the pituitary gland or hypophysis. It is known as the master gland because it controls all the other glands.

Complete answer:
Hormones are chemicals that have no nutritional value and their only function is to act as messengers between different organs of the body so that coordination is maintained in the body of an organism. Hormones are secreted from various glands of the body known as endocrine glands. They are produced in trace amounts and released directly into the blood through which they are transported to their target organs.
Improper functioning of the endocrine glands results in over or underproduction of hormones which lead to various hormonal disorders in the body.

Additional Information: Let us now study the corrected versions of the other statements given in the options.
-Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is under the indirect regulation of the hypothalamus through the portal system. Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is under direct regulation.
-Organs in the body like the gastrointestinal tract produces 4 major peptide hormones known as gastrin, secretin, CCK, and GIP, the heart produces atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), the kidney produces erythropoietin and the liver produces angiotensinogen.
-Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the hypothalamus by which it controls the pituitary gland.
So, the correct option is ‘Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messengers are known as hormones.’

Note: -CCK is cholecystokinin and GIP is a gastric inhibitory peptide.
-ANF is released from the atrial wall of the heart and causes vasodilation to reduce the blood pressure.
-Erythropoietin released from the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney stimulates erythropoiesis i.e. formation of RBC.