Which of the following pairs constitutes a buffer?
(A) $H N O_{2}$ and $N a N O_{2}$
(B) $N a O H$ and $N a C l$
(C) $H N O_{3}$ and $N H_{4} N O_{3}$
(D) $H C l$ and $K C l$

Answer

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Hint: In order to find which pairs will constitute a buffer, we must first have an idea about what a buffer solution is? A buffer solution is a solution that consists of a mixture of weak acid along with its conjugate base or a mixture of weak bases along with its conjugate acid.

Complete step by step answer:
Let us first understand the buffer solution. A buffer solution is a solution that consists of a mixture of weak acid along with its conjugate base or a mixture of weak bases along with its conjugate acid. A buffer solution is a solution that is used to keep the pH of a solution constant.
There are two types of buffer solution, they are:
- Acidic buffer solution – pH of the acid buffer is below is 7.
- Basic buffer solution - pH of the acid buffer is above is 7.
Let us move onto the given question.

N a O H

is a strong base,

H C l

and

H N O_{3}

are strong acids. Therefore, these cannot be used as a buffer solution.

H N O_{2}

is a weak acid and

N a N O_{2}

is a salt that is formed by the combination with a strong base

N a O H

. Therefore,

H N O_{2}

and

N a N O_{2}

are the buffer pairs present. So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note: Buffer solution is used for various purposes. They are:
- For food preservatives.
- Used in the fermentation process
- Drug delivery
- Electroplating
- Printing

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