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Which of the following pairs constitutes a buffer?
(A) HNO2 and NaNO2
(B) NaOHand NaCl
(C) HNO3 and NH4NO3
(D) HCl and KCl

Answer
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Hint: In order to find which pairs will constitute a buffer, we must first have an idea about what a buffer solution is? A buffer solution is a solution that consists of a mixture of weak acid along with its conjugate base or a mixture of weak bases along with its conjugate acid.

Complete step by step answer:
Let us first understand the buffer solution. A buffer solution is a solution that consists of a mixture of weak acid along with its conjugate base or a mixture of weak bases along with its conjugate acid. A buffer solution is a solution that is used to keep the pH of a solution constant.
There are two types of buffer solution, they are:
- Acidic buffer solution – pH of the acid buffer is below is 7.
- Basic buffer solution - pH of the acid buffer is above is 7.
Let us move onto the given question. NaOH is a strong base, HCl and HNO3 are strong acids. Therefore, these cannot be used as a buffer solution. HNO2 is a weak acid and NaNO2 is a salt that is formed by the combination with a strong base NaOH. Therefore, HNO2 and NaNO2 are the buffer pairs present. So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note: Buffer solution is used for various purposes. They are:
- For food preservatives.
- Used in the fermentation process
- Drug delivery
- Electroplating
- Printing
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