Question

Which of the following men organized the Universal Negro Improvement Association?
A) James Weldon Johnson
B) Marcus Garvey
C) Booker T. Washington
D) A. Philip Randolf
E) William E. B. Du Bois

Answer 1

Hint: One of the most important political and social organizations in African-American history is The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). It was founded in July 1914, in Kingston, Jamaica. Even though the UNIA was founded in Jamaica, it had a major influence in the principal urban Black neighbourhoods of the U.S.North, in New York City, in 1916.

Complete answer:
Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which is an organization dedicated to racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation of a Black nation independant of white rule in Africa. Garvey had a strong appeal to poor Blacks in urban ghettos primarily in the U.S.A. It was originally organized as a mutual benefit and reform association dedicated to uplift the racially discriminated people.

The UNIA gradually began to amplify the rising mood of New Negro radicalism that emerged within the African-American population following the end of World War I in November 1918. To articulated the frustrations of working-class blacks, Garvey established the Black Star Steamship Line, the Negro Factory Corp., and a newspaper- the Negro World.

He encouraged the formation of separate institutions out of pride, not because of discrimination and underscored African Americans' inherent dignity by exalting black culture. Garvey emphasized unity among blacks based on shared African heritage.

Thus the correct answer is Option ‘B’ i.e, Marcus Garvey.

Note: Initially, it was established as the Universal Negro Improvement and Conservation Association and African Communities League (ACL). It influenced multitudes on both sides of the Atlantic and proved to be a forerunner of Black nationalism, which emerged in the U.S. after World War II.