Question

Which of the following is not a hereditary disease?
A. Cretinism
B. Cystic fibrosis
C. Thalassemia
D. Haemophilia

Answer 1

Hint: It is also known as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, is a condition that is seen during birth, where the child did not have enough secretion of thyroid hormone causing impaired physical and mental development. This is a condition caused by poor diet during pregnancy and not via genetic abnormalities.

Complete answer: Cretinism is a congenital condition seen during birth where the child has a physical and mental disability. This is also known as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, where during pregnancy enough iodine was not available to the developing embryo leading to hypothyroidism.
-Hypothyroidism causes no or reduced production of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. Thyroxine is a metabolic hormone crucial to maintain basal metabolic activity and ensure the development of the fetus.
-Symptoms include goiter, short stature, thick skin, speech difficulties, etc. In many countries, prenatal thyroid testing can detect such issues immediately and administer thyroid treatment. Advances in medical sciences have eliminated the threat of this disease today. This disorder is circumstantial and depends on the diet of the infant and or mother. As there is no genetic component to this disease.
Hence, the correct option is A.

Note: The thyroid hormone improves metabolic activity, and in a developing foetus, where every cell is growing and developing, metabolic activity needs to be maintained, and a lack of such causes such disorders. Hypothyroidism can develop later in life and is termed Hashimoto's disease. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder that impairs the ability of the body to clot blood. This can be extremely dangerous as simple wounds could be life-threatening.