Question

Which of the following is both hormone and enzyme?
(a)ADH
(b)Angiotensinogen
(c)Acetylcholinesterase
(d)Renin

Answer 1

Hint: It is secreted by the juxtaglomerular kidney cells and plays a major role in vasoconstrictor that helps in the regulation of blood pressure and releases the angiotensin hormones that maintain fluid of the body.

Complete answer:
Renin is also known as angiotensinogenase and it is an aspartic protease protein and also an enzyme that is released in response to the renal hypotension and hypernatremia conditions. Renin being having a pro-renin receptor is also termed as a hormone. Renin in the kidney helps in the retention of sodium and water.

Additional Information: -The term Renin is formed from two words ren + in, meaning ‘kidney + compound’.
-The release of renin is controlled by- Macula Denisa Pathway, intrarenal baroreceptor pathway, and β- adrenergic receptor pathway.
-Angiotensinogen with rennin forms the renin-angiotensin system or RAS which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
-Renin helps in reducing blood pressure in the following steps:
Step1- Renin converts angiotensinogen hormone release by the liver into angiotensin I.
Step 2- Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) present in the lungs.
Step 3- Angiotensin II helps in reducing blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels.
-Beta-blockers inhibit the function of rennin which results in reducing the concentration angiotensin I and II.
So, the correct answer is ‘Renin’.

Note: Rennin is an enzyme synthesized by the chief cells of the stomach. It is a hormone synthesized by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. It plays a role in the digestion of coagulate milk in the stomach. It plays a role in controlling blood sodium levels.