Question

Which of the following is an occupational respiratory disorder?
A. Botulism
B. Anthracis
C. Emphysema
D. Silicosis

Answer 1

Hint:
- Respiration: It is a process of exchange of gases between air and organisms’ cells.
- Respiration is of four types: Breathing, external respiration, internal respiration, cellular respiration.
- Normal respiratory rate is 12 to 16 breaths per minute.

Complete answer:
In order to solve this question, we need to know more about respiration and respiratory disorders.
- Respiration is the exchange of gases between the air and organism’s cells.
- Respiratory disorders are a term which encloses various types of pathological conditions that affect respiration in living organisms.
- Respiratory disease occurs in the respiratory tract which includes alveoli, branches, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli, pleural cavity, trachea, pleura and nerves and muscles of breathing.

Some of the respiratory diseases are:
1. Bronchial Asthma
2. Pneumonia
3. COPD
4. Chronic bronchitis
5. Emphysema
6. Pleural effusion
7. Cystic fibrosis

So, to solve this question lets see the options first.
> Botulism: It is a rare serious illness caused by the contamination with contaminated soil which transmits through food.

> Anthracis: It is caused by spore forming bacteria mainly affects the animals.
It mainly spread through infected animals.

> Emphysema: It means hyperinflation or over distention of alveoli with air.
Aetiology:
- Smoke, dust
- Genetic or hereditary
- Oxidant injury

Two types of clinical features of COPD are:
- Predominantly emphysema
- Predominantly bronchitis

>Silicosis: It is a lung disease caused due to heavy and long exposure of silica.
Silicosis is an occupational disorder which occurs due to long and continuous exposure of silica. It usually happens in jobs where you breathe in dust that contains silica.
Over time, silica can build up in your lungs and breathing passages. This leads to scarring that makes it hard to breathe.

So, the correct option is option D. Silicosis.

Note: Bronchial asthma: It is a disease of airways produced by hypersensitivity inflammatory response of tracheobronchial tree to a wide variety of stimuli.
- It results in narrowing of air passages.
- It is a common disorder and 10-20% of the population is affected by it.
- First line treatment for bronchial asthma is short acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids.