Courses
Courses for Kids
Free study material
Offline Centres
More
Store Icon
Store
seo-qna
SearchIcon
banner

Which of the following have both polar and nonpolar bonds?
(A) C2H6
(B) NH4Cl
(C) HCl
(D) AlCl3

Answer
VerifiedVerified
397.2k+ views
like imagedislike image
Hint: Electrons are unequally shared between the atoms which form polar covalent bonds, this is because of different electronegativities of atoms. On the other hand, electrons are equally shared between the atoms then they will form nonpolar covalent bonds, this is due to the same electronegativities of atoms.

Complete answer:
To answer this question we will consider each option one by one:
 C2H6 (Ethane)
seo images

In ethane, the difference in the electronegativities of hydrogen and carbon forming bonds in this structure is remarkably less. There is zero difference in the electronegativity of the carbon atoms which are forming bonds with each other. So ethane is a nonpolar molecule.
 NH4Cl (Ammonium chloride)
seo images

The electronegativity of nitrogen is more than hydrogen. Thus, nitrogen will have a partial negative charge as it will attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself. Hydrogen will contain a partial positive charge. Thus, NH4Cl is a polar compound with a dipole moment towards nitrogen.
The ammonium chloride also have non-polar bond this is because NH4+ has positive charge and Cl has negative charge which shows it shares equal electrons and has the same electronegativities.
 HCl (Hydrogen chloride)
seo images

 HCl is a polar compound because the chloride ion is more electronegative as compared to hydrogen ions. Thus, chloride ions carry partial negative dipoles and hydrogen carries partial positive dipoles.
 AlCl3 (Aluminium chloride)
seo images

The AlCl3 monomer has a trigonal planar shape. The dipole moments in each bond of AlCl are aligned in a plane at an angle of 120 and are therefore interrupted. It is therefore a non-polar molecule.
Thus, NH4Cl molecule has both polar and nonpolar bonds and the option (b) is correct.

Note:
Covalent bonds which are in between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed are known as polar bonds. Because of this the molecules have a slight electrical dipole moment where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative.