Question

Which of the following event happened first?
A) Simon commission
B) Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
C) Resolution of Purna Swaraj
D) Non-cooperation movement

Answer 1

Hint: Also known as the Amritsar Massacre, it took place in 1919. Led by the British Brigadier 'General R.E.H Dyer. It triggered nationwide demonstrations and protests such as in Gujranwala, Punjab (now in Pakistan). It also made an Indian Independence activist shoot and kill Michael O'Dwyer, the Lieutenant Governor of India, which was supported by many Indians.

Complete answer:
Let us analyse the given options:
Option A) Simon Commission, was a group of seven ‘all white’ Members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon which arrived in Lahore in 1928 to study constitutional reforms. It was boycotted by the Indian people and was met with demonstrators with a black flag and the slogan of ‘Simon go back’. Hence, This option is incorrect.

Option B) Jallianwala Bagh massacre or the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when a largely peaceful crowd which was gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab to protest against the arrest of pro-Indian independence leaders were killed on the orders of the British General R.E.H. Dyer after blocking the exit with his troops. Hence, This option is correct.

Option C) The resolution of Purna Swaraj was proclaimed by the Indian National Congress (INC) on 26 January 1930, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for the independence and complete self-rule of India. The INC asked the Indian people to observe 26 January as Independence day which was later changed to 15 August. Hence, This option is incorrect.

Option D) The non-cooperation movement launched in 1920, by Mahatma Gandhi was a political campaign with the aim to have Indians revoke their cooperation from British rule and to grant self-governance to India. It shocked the British government by the extent of the masses. Hence, This option is incorrect.

Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy happened first on 13 April 1919. Therefore the correct answer is option ‘B’.

Note: The extent of brutality and casualty resulted in the loss of faith in the general public for the Britishers. The massacre caused many people to oppose the rule and started a series of protests and demonstrations all over the country. A memorial was built at the site and was inaugurated by the President of India on 13 April 1961 in the presence of prominent leaders.