Question

Which of the following diseases does not have a vaccine?
A) Cholera
B) Typhoid
C) Cold
D) Polio

Answer 1

Hint: A vaccine is a biological agent which is prepared that helps in achieving active acquired immunity against a specific infectious disease. A vaccine contains an agent that is closely related to disease-causing microorganisms. It is made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. Vaccines prevent the onset of an infectious or deadly disease.

Complete answer:
To answer this question, we must discuss the diseases given in the question.
Cholera is a disease caused by the infection of the bacterium. Cholera vaccines are the oral vaccine, two or three doses are typically recommended and the duration of protection is two years in adults and six months in children aged 2–5 years. Two variants of the inactivated oral vaccine currently are in use and these are WC-rBS and BivWC

Typhoid is a bacterial disease. There are two vaccines for typhoid fever available. The inactivated (killed) vaccine and alive and attenuated (weakened) vaccine. Typhoid vaccines lose effectiveness over time and therefore injectable vaccine requires a booster dose every 2 years, and the oral vaccine requires a booster every 5 years.

Cold- It is a viral infection caused in the upper respiratory tract. There are no vaccines against cold-causing rhinoviruses, as there is little-to-no cross-protection between serotypes.

Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a crippling and potentially deadly disease, caused by the poliovirus. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is administered in the US. In India, the polio vaccine is administered orally.

Thus, the correct answer is option ‘C’ i.e, Cold.

Note:
- The smallpox vaccine was the first vaccine to be developed against a contagious disease. In 1796, the British doctor Edward Jenner.
- Rhinovirus is the causative agent of Cold. There are around 99 serotypes of human rhinoviruses are found. So it is difficult to make a vaccine for all the strains of the rhinovirus.