Question

Which of the following approaches does not give the defined action of contraceptive?
A) Barrier methods – prevent fertilization
B) Intrauterine devices – increase Phagocytosis of sperms, suppress sperm motility and fertilization capacity of sperms
C) Hormonal contraceptives – Prevent/retard entry of sperms, prevent ovulation and fertilization
D) Vasectomy – prevents spermatogenesis

Answer 1

Hint: Birth control was first used in ancient times, but efficient and reliable methods of contraception only became accessible in the 20th century.

Complete Answer:
A process or device used to discourage pregnancy is birth control, also recognized as contraception and reproductive control Methods for birth control involve hormonal birth control, barrier methods, behavioural methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and sterilization. They are often used pre or post sex, while contraceptives for emergency use are available for up to 5 days after sex.

Now, let us find the solution from the options-
- In barrier approaches, with the aid of barriers, ovum and spermatozoa are prohibited from getting together so that fertilisation does not happen. Thus, option A is not the correct option.
- Intrauterine devices enhance sperm phagocytosis within the uterus, and certain IUDs emit Copper ions to inhibit sperm motility and also their fertilizing ability. In addition, the hormone that activates IUDs makes the cervix aggressive to spermatozoa and induces modifications in the uterus that render it unsuitable for implantation. Thus, option B is not the correct option.
- Hormonal contraception extends to types of birth control that work on the endocrine system. Nearly all techniques consist of steroid hormones, while one selective oestrogen receptor modulator is sold as a contraceptive in India. Thus, option C is not the correct option.
- In males, vasectomy is a form of sterilization in which they are able of ejaculation, and the latter only comprises secretions from multiple glands and therefore has no sperm. Sperms are still formed in the body but are reabsorbed.

Thus, the correct answer is option (D) Vasectomy – prevents spermatogenesis.

Note: A marginally elevated risk of arterial blood clots and venous is correlated with combination hormonal contraception. Because of the heightened risk, decision instruments like the PERC rule and the DASH score used to assess the risk of blood clots should be included.