Question

Which bacteria oxidise various inorganic substances and use the released energy for their ATP production and they play a great role in the recycling of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur?
A) Archaebacteria
B) Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
C) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria
D) Heterotrophic Bacteria

Answer 1

Hint: The bacteria which oxidises various inorganic substances include autotrophic bacteria which uses chemical energy to produce their food. These autotrophic bacteria need a carbon source as well as energy source such as ATP to manufacture their food. These bacteria are mostly aerobic.

Complete answer:
The bacteria which oxidises inorganic substances, and recycles nutrients like nitrogen, iron is Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria. Chemosynthetic microorganisms include a bunch of plant microorganisms that use energy to produce their food. Like chemical processes, chemosynthetic microorganisms need a carbon supply (e.g. carbon dioxide) and a constant energy supply so on to manufacture their food. Examples of chemosynthetic microorganism include: Venenivibrio stagnispumantis, Beggiatoa, T. neapolitanus

So the right answer is Option C (Chemosynthetic Autotrophic bacteria).

Additional Information:
Chemosynthetic bacteria include various groups of autotrophic bacteria which use chemical energy to produce their own food. These bacteria require a carbon source (e.g. carbon dioxide) as well as an energy source in order to make their own food. These bacteria are aerobic and depend on oxygen to complete the process. But some species have also been associated with anaerobic chemosynthesis. Because of their ability to manufacture their own food using chemical energy, these organisms survive in different habitats/environments (including harsh environments with extreme conditions) as free-living organisms or in association with other organisms (through symbiosis with other organisms).

Note:
Chemosynthetic is the process of converting one or more carbon molecules into organic components. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria are generally found on land, in hot springs, in hydrothermal vents, sunken ships, on the seafloor, and whale carcasses.