Question

Which acid is prepared by catalytic oxidation of ammonia?

Answer 1

Hint: The catalytic oxidation of ammonia is the oxidation of ammonia means the insertion of oxygen in ammonia in presence of a catalyst. The catalytic oxidation of ammonia produced an acid, and the acid has the same oxidation number of nitrogen as in ammonia.

Complete step by step answer:
The catalytic oxidation of ammonia means the ammonia is oxidized in presence of a catalyst.
The catalyst used for the oxidation of ammonia is platinum metal.
The oxidation of ammonia takes place in two steps.
In the first step, ammonia is converted into nitrogen oxide.
\[{\text{2N}}{{\text{H}}_3} + \,\dfrac{5}{2}{{\text{O}}_2}\,\mathop \to \limits^{{\text{Pt}}} \,2\,{\text{NO}} + \,3\,{{\text{H}}_2}{\text{O}}\]
When ammonia reacts with oxygen in presence of platinum catalyst it forms nitrogen oxide.
In the second step, the nitrogen oxide gas converts into nitrogen dioxide, and this nitrogen dioxide gas reacts with water to form nitric acid.
The reaction of oxidation of nitrogen oxide is as follows:
\[{\text{NO}} + \,\dfrac{1}{2}{{\text{O}}_2}\, \to \,\,{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_2}\]
\[3\,{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_2} + \,{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}}\, \to \,\,2\,{\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\, + \,{\text{NO}}\]
The formation of nitric acid by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia is known as the Ostwald process.
For the high yield of nitric acid, the pressure should be in between $3 - 10\,{\text{atm}}$ and the temperature should be above $800\,{\text{K}}$.

Therefore, nitric acid is prepared by catalytic oxidation of ammonia.

Note:
The oxidation state of nitrogen in ammonia is $ + 3$. The oxidation state of nitrogen in nitric acid is also $ + 3$. Ostwald's process is an exothermic reaction. Ostwald's process is associated with the Haber process. The formation of ammonia from the oxidation of nitrogen is known as the Haber process. The loss of electrons or the addition of oxygen is known as oxidation.