
What is the vector projection formula?
Answer
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Hint: A vector is a quantity which has a magnitude and a defined direction. It is represented by an arrow over its head. Although it has a magnitude and direction, it does not have a specific location, that is, if it is moved parallel to itself, it does not change. The projection of a vector on another vector is the orthogonal projection of the first vector along the length of the second vector.
Complete step by step answer:
Let us first assign some terms that we are going to use in our solution. Let there be a vector and vector , such that, we have to find the projection of on , when the angle between these two vectors is denoted by .
This can be represented with the help of the following diagram:
Here, OX represents the vector and OY represents the vector and OX’ is the required projection of vector on .
Now, we can calculate this projection if we know the length of the section OX’ and the unit vector along . Calculating the length of section OX’, we have:
Using the dot product rule, we have:
This can be simplified as:
Thus, OX’ will be equal to:
......... (1)
Now, we need to calculate the unit vector along the . This can be done as follows:
......... (2)
Thus, the vector projection of along can be written as:
From equation number (1) and (2), we have:
Hence, the vector projection formula for a vector on vector can be written as .
Note: While solving problems involving vector projection, one should remember the above derived formula thoroughly. Also, we can see that the formula for vector projection is situational and dependent on the angle made between the two vectors.
Complete step by step answer:
Let us first assign some terms that we are going to use in our solution. Let there be a vector
This can be represented with the help of the following diagram:

Here, OX represents the vector
Now, we can calculate this projection if we know the length of the section OX’ and the unit vector along
Using the dot product rule, we have:
This can be simplified as:
Thus, OX’ will be equal to:
Now, we need to calculate the unit vector along the
Thus, the vector projection of
From equation number (1) and (2), we have:
Hence, the vector projection formula for a vector
Note: While solving problems involving vector projection, one should remember the above derived formula thoroughly. Also, we can see that the formula for vector projection is situational and dependent on the angle made between the two vectors.
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