Question

What is prophase?

Answer 1

Hint: Meiosis is an exceptional type of cell division of germ cells in sexually-reproducing creatures used to produce the gametes, like sperm or egg cells. It comprises two rounds of cell division that finally result in four cells with only one copy of each chromosome. Since cell division happens twice during meiosis, one preliminary cell can crop four gametes (eggs or sperm). In each round of division, a cell goes through four stages:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.

Complete answer:
Prophase is the initial phase of mitosis. The process that divides the duplicated genetic substance carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. During this stage the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus known as chromatin. The chromatin coils become increasingly compacted resulting in the creation of visible chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of a single piece of DNA that is extremely organized. The replicated chromosomes have an X shape and they are named sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are pairs of undistinguishable copies of DNA joined at a point named the centromere. Then a structure named the mitotic spindle starts to form. The mitotic spindle is made up of long proteins named microtubules that start forming at conflicting ends of the cell. The spindle will be accountable for separating the sister chromatids into two cells. Prophase is followed by the second phase of mitosis acknowledged as pro-metaphase.

Note:
Prophase is the exchange of DNA amongst homologous chromosomes via a procedure called homologous recombination and the crossover at chiasma(ta) amongst non-sister chromatids. Thus, this stage is vital to upsurge genetic variation.
The copied chromosomes abbreviate into X-shaped structures that can be effortlessly seen under a microscope. Each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids comprising identical genetic materials.