Question

What is complex permanent tissue?

Answer 1

Hint: One can define complex permanent tissue as the tissue which has the collection of different types of cells, but altogether the function of these cells are common in nature, among the vascular tissue, it acts as one of the conducting tissues.

Complete answer:
- It got the name, conducting tissue based on the function, and the function is the movement of the different chemical substances within the plant.
- There are two types of complex tissues includes,
Xylem and phloem.

> Xylem: The important function of xylem tissue is the conduction of water and minerals to the plants.
Types of the xylem cells consist of:
- Tracheid cells: This cells are usually long, strong, dead, and has transverse ends, this also lignified, this cell contains large vacuole, the main function is transport water and dissolved minerals to different parts of the plant
- Trachea: These cells are short, broadened and hollow ends, the main function is to conduct the water and water dissolved minerals from the roots of the plants to leaves.
- Xylem fiber: This fiber main function is to give the mechanical strength
- Xylem parenchyma: parenchyma are loosely arranged and the function is the storage of transported food.

> Phloem: The important function is to conduct the food throughout the plant
Types of the phloem cells consist of
- Sieve tubes: This is hollow tube-shaped and ends to end in nature, having the nuclei, sieve cells are separated by the plates and they have some partitions also, in the case of mature sieve cells nucleus is absent, the main function is the conduction of food throughout the plant from the leaves.
- Companion cells: These cells are narrow, elongated, and having a nucleus and dense cytoplasm, this is connected to the main sieve cells through the partitions and helps to conduct the food.
- Phloem fiber: This are also called as bast fiber, the only function is mechanical strength
- Phloem parenchyma: These are parenchymatous cells which are helpful in the transport of the stored food.

Note: Complex permanent tissue also have an economical importance, apart from biological functions which include the following, for example, jute fiber is nothing but phloem complex tissue, wood is the secondary xylem, and so many other things such as gums, resins are also made up of this complex tissues. So complex permanent tissue is used for commercial purposes.