Question

What do you mean by anode and cathode?

Answer 1

Hint: An electrode, in general, is a material that aids in the conduction of electricity when the electric current enters or exits a non-metallic medium such as an electrolytic cell. An electrode is a conductor that aids in the establishment of electrical contact with a non-metallic component of a circuit. Electrodes are made up of two major locations known as the cathode and anode, which indicate the direction of current flow.

Complete answer:
Let us first define the terms cathode and anode. The flow of current defines both of them. As a result, a cathode is an electrode from which a polarised electrical device's current emerges. A current enters a polarised electrical device through an anode, which is an electrode. William Whewell formalised the phrases in 1834, adapting them from the Greek word (kathodos), which means "descent" or "going down." The words were coined after William conferred with Michael Faraday.
Anode
In electrochemistry, an anode is the place where an oxidation process happens in its most basic form. Negative ions or anions tend to react and give off electrons at an anode because of its electrical potential. The electrons then make their way up to the drive circuit. In a galvanic cell, the anode is negatively charged, and the electrons tend to flow towards the outside of the circuit. It is once again positive in an electrolytic cell. An anode can also be a plate or wire with an excessive positive charge.
Cathode
In chemistry, the cathode is defined as the electrode where reduction takes place. In an electrochemical cell, this is very common. The cathode is negative in this case because the electrical energy provided to the cell causes chemical compounds to decompose. It can, however, be positive, as in the case of a galvanic cell, where a chemical reaction produces electrical energy. Furthermore, a cathode is classified as either a hot or a cold cathode. A hot cathode is one that is heated in the presence of a filament in order to produce electrons by thermionic emission, whereas cold cathodes are those that are not heated by any filament.

Note:
At the anode, there is an oxidation response. The oxidised species would lose electrons, leaving a buildup of electrons on this electrode. As a result, the anode is negatively charged. In contrast to the cathode, a reduction response occurs, in which the reduced species obtains electrons. As a result, the electrode, i.e. the cathode, is devoid of electrons and hence charged positively.