Question

Vanaspati ghee is obtained by the vegetable oils
A ) hydrogenation
B ) substitution
C ) addition
D ) oxidation

Answer 1

Hint: Vanaspati ghee is a saturated compound. It is obtained from desi vegetable oil. Carbon-carbon double and triple bonds are present in desi vegetable oil.

Complete answer:
During the hydrogenation process, alkenes or alkynes containing carbon-carbon multiple bonds react with hydrogen molecules to form saturated hydrocarbons. During this reaction, one molecule of hydrogen is added to carbon-carbon double bonds so that carbon-carbon double bond is converted to carbon-carbon single bond. Similarly two molecules of hydrogen are added to carbon-carbon triple bonds so that carbon-carbon triple bond is converted to carbon-carbon single bond. The process is a reduction process in which multiple bonds are reduced. The term multiple bond includes double and triple bonds.
When unsaturated fats are hydrogenated, saturated fats are obtained. This process requires hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst such as nickel catalyst. This process is carried out at low to medium pressure. A desi vegetable ghee is hydrogenated and hardened to obtain vanaspati ghee.

Vanaspati ghee is obtained by the vegetable oils through the process of hydrogenation.

Hence, the option A ) is the correct option.

Note: Hydrogenation of desi vegetable ghee to vanaspati oil is also called hardening of oils. Hardening of oil occurs because hydrogenation reduces the number of unsaturated acids and increases the number of saturated acids.