Question

What do you understand by bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons? Illustrate by giving one example of each type.

Answer 1

Hint:In chemistry, a pair of lonely electrons refers to a pair of electrons that are not shared in a covalent bond by another atom, and are sometimes called an unshared or nonbonding pair. The outermost electron shell of the atoms contains lone pairs. You can identify them with a structure of Lewis. Therefore, electron pairs are called lone pairs when two electrons are connected, but not used in chemical bonds.

Complete step-by-step answer:
> A covalent bond is a chemical link that involves sharing electron pairs between atoms, also known as the molecular bond. These electron pairs are called shared pairs or bonding pairs and when they share electrons, covalent bonding is known for the stable equilibrium between attractive and repulsive strengths between atoms. The sharing of electrons allows every atom to achieve the equivalent of a complete external shell, which is a stable electronic configuration for many molecules. Covalent bonds are far greater than ionic bonds in organic chemistry.
> Two atoms share a covalent bond with one electron each. The electrons in the covalent bond are called the electron bond pair.
For example-
> There are four covalent C-H bonds, for instance, in methane. So, four bond pairs of electrons are present in the methane molecule.

> The electrons left in the valence shell are called lone pairs of electrons without forming the connection. For instance, ammonia has one lonely electrons molecule, and water has two lonely electrons.

Note: Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or theory of VSEPR is a concept used in chemistry to determine the structure of molecules in which each of the electron pairs that surround their central atoms. The VSEPR principle is that pairs of valence electrons across an atom appear to repel each other, such that it reduces repulsion to a low minimum. It increases the stability of the molecule.