Question

What is tonoplast and where is it found?

Answer 1

Hint: A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant, fungal, and animal cells, as well as some bacterial cells. Vacuoles are simply confined compartments filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules in solution, including enzymes, though they may also include solids that have been engulfed in some situations.

Complete answer:
De Vries termed the vacuole membrane tonoplast in 1885. Tonoplast: Gk tón(os) + -o-, meaning "stretching", "tension", "tone" + comb. form repr. Gk plastós, meaning "formed, moulded, and filled with cell sap".
The tonoplast, also known as the vacuolar membrane, is the cytoplasmic membrane that surrounds a vacuole and separates the vacuolar contents from the cell's cytoplasm.
The central vacuole's primary function is to maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall. Aquaporins, which are proteins present in the tonoplast, govern the flow of water into and out of the vacuole by pumping potassium (K+) ions into and out of the vacuolar interior by active transport.

Additional Information: Tonoplast is a membrane that lines the vacuole. In bryophytes, there is a jacket layer around archegonia and antheridia. Tonoplast is the substance or liquid found inside a vacuole that is surrounded by a tonoplast membrane. The semi-permeable membrane that encloses a cell's protoplasmic material is known as the cell membrane.

Note: IR spectroscopy was used to investigate the structure of the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) in red beet roots. The vacuolar membrane is made up of highly organised lipids that create free liquid lipid bilayer areas that are loosely connected to integral proteins.