Question

The term chromosome was coined by
a. Hofmeister
b. Strasburger
c. Waldeyer
d. Laemli

Answer 1

Hint: Chromosome is nothing but a thread-like structure, which is located inside the nucleus of the animals and plants, and the chromosome is made up of protein and a single molecule of DNA, which passes from parents to offsprings.

Complete answer:
- A chromosome is nothing but a long DNA molecule, along with a part of genetic material called an organism.
- Eukaryotic chromosomes, generally packed with proteins called histones and they bind and condense the DNA molecules to maintain its integrity.
- This displays the three-dimensional structure, which plays an important role in the transcription.
- The term chromosome was coined by Waldeyer.
- Whereas Wihelm Roulex suggests that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration.
- Chromosomes are normally visible under the light microscope, that too only during the metaphase of cell division, and this is because, during metaphase, X shaped structure called metaphase chromosome is highly condensed so that it is easy to distinguish in this phase.
- In meiosis, the chromosomes undergo recombination and their significant role in genetic diversity.
- In prokaryotes, the chromosome is single circular and may be various forms.
- Generally, prokaryotes chromosomes have less sequence compared to eukaryotes.
- Prokaryotes do not possess nuclei, instead, the DNA is organized and into a structure called the nucleoid.
- Eukaryotic chromosomes contain long linear DNA molecules which are associated with protein forming and these compact complex proteins of the DNA called chromatin.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Note: Human chromosomes are divided into two types, they are autosomes, which are general body chromosomes, and allosomes, which are sex chromosomes, and through these sex chromosomes, certain genetic traits which are linked are passed through it.