Question

The temperature on the moon varies between $110$ degrees Celsius to $ - 170$ degrees Celsius. What is the possible reason for this?

Answer 1

Hint:We know that our solar system has some planets that revolve around the sun. The temperature of every planet may differ from each other by the distance the planet was located from the sun. We are going to discuss the reason why the temperature on the moon varies from $110^\circ C$ to $ - 170^\circ C$ and which of the factors is responsible for temperature variations on planets.

Complete step-by-step solution:
Our planet Earth has moderate temperature on its surface. Because the Earth has an atmosphere and it acts as a layer when solar radiation enters into the earth. Electromagnetic radiation enters the earth in the form of ultraviolet rays, gamma rays, and infrared. The rays produce some amount of heat when it reaches the earth's surface.
When solar radiation enters the earth's surface, the Earth contains an atmosphere on its surface. so that some radiation is reflected and bounced back to space. The atmosphere prevents harmful radiation like ultraviolet rays from entering the earth and also maintains the earth's surface temperature as moderate and responsible for the earth's life.
Moon is considered a natural satellite. The moon has a very slender atmosphere layer like near-vacuum and it is a soft layer when compared to earth. The radiation and cosmic rays easily enter the moon's surface. So that the moon experiences a high temperature $110^\circ C$ when it faces the sun and experiences a low temperature $ - 170^\circ C$ in its shadow region.

Note:The atmosphere is filled with gases like $78\% $ nitrogen, $21\% $ oxygen, $0.9\% $ argon, $0.1\% $ of other gases. The atmosphere layer can be divided into five types based on temperature differences. The five layers are Troposphere, stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere. The surface gravity of the moon is $1.625\dfrac{m}{{{s^2}}}$ which is $16.6\% $ of the surface gravity of the earth is $9.806\dfrac{m}{{{s^2}}}$.