Question

The system of representation of elections to Rajya Sabha and state legislative councils is _________________.
A. Proportional representation
B. Territorial representation
C. Functional representation
D. Different from one another

Answer 1

Hint:Proportional representation describes discretionary frameworks in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the chosen body. The idea applies basically to topographical, and to philosophical dividing of the electorate. For example at the European parliament every part state has various seats that is (generally) corresponding to its populace (an occurrence of topographical portrayal). A similar rationale wins when citizens vote in favor of gatherings (philosophical segment of the electorate).

Complete answer:
On the off chance that n% of the electorate uphold a specific ideological group or set of up-and-comers as their top choice, at that point generally n% of seats will be won by that party or those candidates.The pith of such frameworks is that all votes add to the outcome—not simply a majority, or an exposed lion's share. The most common types of relative portrayal all require the utilization of numerous parts casting a ballot region (additionally called super-locale), as it is preposterous to expect to fill a solitary seat in a corresponding way. Truth be told, PR frameworks that accomplish the most significant levels of proportionality will in general incorporate regions with huge quantities of seats.
The most generally utilized groups of PR discretionary frameworks are party-list PR, the single adaptable vote (STV), and blended part corresponding portrayal (MMP).
With party list PR, ideological groups characterize applicant records and citizens vote in favor of a rundown. The general decision in favor of each rundown decides the number of applicants from each rundown are really chosen. Records can be "shut" or "open"; open records permit electors to show singular up-and-comer inclinations and decisions in favor of free up-and-comers. Casting a ballot locale can be little (as not many as three seats in certain areas in Chile) or as extensive as a territory or a whole country.
The single adaptable vote utilizes various part locales, with citizens making just a single choice each yet positioning individual applicants arranged by inclination (by giving back-up inclinations). During the check, as applicants are chosen or disposed of, excess or disposed of votes that would somehow or another be squandered are moved to different up-and-comers as indicated by the inclinations, shaping agreement bunches that choose enduring up-and-comers. STV empowers citizens to cast a ballot across partisan divisions, to pick the most favored of a gathering's competitors and decision in favor of autonomous up-and-comers, realizing that if the applicant isn't chosen his/her vote will probably not be squandered if the elector stamps back-up inclinations on the polling form.
Blended part corresponding portrayal (MMP), likewise called the extra part framework (AMS), is a two-level blended constituent framework joining nearby non-relative majority/majoritarian decisions and a compensatory local or public gathering list PR political race. Citizens commonly have two votes, one for their single-part locale and one for the gathering list, the gathering list vote deciding the equilibrium of the gatherings in the chosen body.

As indicated by the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network, some type of corresponding portrayal is utilized for public lower house races in 94 nations. Gathering list PR, being utilized in 85 nations, is the most generally utilized. MMP is utilized in seven lower houses. STV, notwithstanding long being pushed by political scientists, is utilized in just two: Ireland, since freedom in 1922,and Malta, since 1921.STV is likewise utilized in the Australian Senate, and can be utilized for fair decisions, for example, the city chamber of Cambridge MA.

Hence the correct answer is option A.

Note:Because of variables, for example, constituent edges and the utilization of little bodies electorate, just as control strategies, for example, party parting and manipulating, amazing proportionality is infrequently accomplished under these frameworks. In any case, they estimated proportionality obviously superior to different systems.Elections to the Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of the Parliament, Vidhan Parishads, Upper Houses of the State Legislatures (existing just in a couple of states) and workplaces of the President and Vice-President are, be that as it may, directed based on relative portrayal through a solitary adaptable vote framework. Subsequently, Option A is right. The remainder of the frameworks are not relevant to these decisions, henceforth, off base.