Question

The reduction in the enzyme activity takes place by
I. decreasing pH level
II. Increasing temperature
III. Placing enzymes in a nonpolar liquid.
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II
E. I, II and III

Answer 1

Hint: We have to know that Enzymes are proteins that are synthesized in living cells and which catalyse or speed up reactions that are thermodynamically possible so that the rate of reaction corresponds to the biochemical processes required to sustain the cell. It is sometimes referred to as an organic catalyst or biocatalyst.

Complete answer: Let’s study the effect of temperature, pressure and non polar solvent on enzyme activity.
Now we discuss about the influence of temperature on enzymes as,
Enzymes are active within a narrow temperature range. The temperature at which the enzyme has the highest activity is called the optimal temperature. Usually corresponds to the body temperature of warm-blooded animals, for example 37°C in humans.
 Enzyme activity decreases above and below this temperature. Enzymes become inactive below the minimum temperature and above the maximum temperature. So this option is correct.
Now we discuss about how optimal pH affect the activity of enzyme as,
Each enzyme has the optimal pH at its most effective. Raising or lowering pH decreases enzyme activity by changing the degree of ionization of the side chains. The pH change can also trigger play. So, this option is correct.
Effect of enzyme in polar and non-polar liquids-Because proteins work in aqueous and water solutions are polar, they are folded with hydrophilic amino acids closer to the surface and their hydrophobic amino acids closer to the center. When an enzyme is placed in a nonpolar solution, its higher structure changes as hydrophobic amino acids move to the surface. So this option is correct.
Since all the three statements are correct, So, the correct answer is “Option E”.

Note:
We have to remember that at low temperatures enzymes are inactive. Hence it is used for storing food in cold warehouses. In contrast to warm-blooded or homo-thermal animals (mammals, birds), there are cold blooded or poikilothermic (reptiles, amphibians, fish, invertebrates) whose body temperature rises or falls with the ambient temperature. These animals cannot live in a very hot or very cold environment because their enzyme function is impaired. For this reason, frogs seek a humid and shady environment in summer and are in dormant places.
Most of the intracellular enzymes work near neutral pH, with the exception of some digestive enzymes that work in an acidic or alkaline pH range.